The Developmental Trajectories of the Pre-School Education System in Kazakhstan from 1991 to 2022

Abstract

This study examines the evolution of the pre-school education system in Kazakhstan between 1991 and 2022. The period marks a significant transition post-independence, reflecting changes in educational policies and practices. The research employs a historical and analytical approach to understand the various phases of development in the Kazakhstani pre-school education sector. It highlights key reforms, including curriculum changes, pedagogical advancements, and integration of technology. The study also analyzes the challenges faced during this period, such as funding issues, teacher training, and rural-urban disparities. The findings suggest that while substantial progress has been made, further efforts are necessary to ensure accessibility and quality across the country. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of Kazakhstan's education reform journey and provides insights for policymakers and educators in similar contexts.