Hybrid warfare and the challenge to international law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63034/esr-92Keywords:
Hybrid Warfare, International Law, Cybersecurity, Information Warfare, Strategic Deterrence, Legal FrameworksAbstract
This article explores the complex landscape of hybrid warfare, a multifaceted conflict strategy blending conventional military tactics with cyberattacks, information warfare, and economic coercion. It examines the challenges hybrid warfare poses to international law, the difficulties in establishing legal definitions, and the strategic responses by major powers including Russia, the United States, and China. The discussion extends to the adaptation of national and international strategies to address the gray zones of conflict that hybrid warfare exploits. Emphasizing the need for innovative legal frameworks and international cooperation, the article highlights hybrid warfare’s impact on global security dynamics and the evolving nature of warfare in the digital age.
References
Atlantic Council. The National Defense Strategy shows the Pentagon’s increased focus on the gray zone. Here’s what that means. Retrieved from www.atlanticcouncil.org
Defense.gov. (2019). Military Must Be Ready to Confront Hybrid Threats, Intel Official Says. Retrieved from https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/1952023/military-must-be-ready-to-confront-hybrid-threats-intel-official-says/
European Commission. (2018). Action Plan Against Disinformation.
Fridman, O. (2022). Russian “Hybrid Warfare”: Resurgence and Politicization. Oxford University Press. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/static/8-Review-Russian-Hybrid-Warfare.pdf
Hoffman, F. G. (2009). Conflict in the 21st Century: The Rise of Hybrid Wars. Potomac Institute for Policy Studies.
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). (2015).
Kodaneva, K., et al. (n.d.). "Hybrid threats" to Russia's security: Identification and counteraction. Contours of Global Transformations: Politics, Economics, Law. Retrieved from www.ogt-journal.com
Kluver, J. (2016). Hybrid Warfare: Fighting Complex Opponents from the Ancient World to the Present. Cambridge University Press.
Ministry of Defence. (2018). Countering hybrid warfare: Information notes. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/countering-hybrid-warfare-information-notes
National Defense Strategy 2022. (n.d.). Retrieved from media.defense.gov
National Security Strategy of the United States of America. (2017).
Rodachin, V. M. (2019). Hybrid wars and national security of Russia. Humanities Sciences. Vestnik of the Financial University, 9(4), 93-99. https://doi.org/10.26794/2226-7867-2019-9-4-93-99 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26794/2226-7867-2019-9-4-93-99
Sazonova, K. L. (2017). "Hybrid war": International legal dimension. Law. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, (4), 177-187. Retrieved from www.law-journal.hse.ru DOI: https://doi.org/10.17323/2072-8166.2017.4.177.187
Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security’s Forward Defense. (n.d.). Gray Zone Task Force. Retrieved from www.atlanticcouncil.org
Snyder, T. (2015). The Road to Unfreedom: Russia, Europe, America. Tim Duggan Books.
The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China. (2015). China's Military Strategy.
Topychkanov, P. (n.d.). Hybrid war and the hybrid world. Russian Council on International Affairs. Retrieved from russiancouncil.ru
Acero, J., Bustos, E., & Quesada, D. (1982). Introducción a la filosofía del lenguaje. Cátedra.
Collins, J., Hall, N., & Paul, A. (Eds.). (2004). Causation and Counterfactuals. The MIT Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/1752.001.0001
Horkheimer, M., & Adorno, T. W. (1972). Dialectic of Enlightenment. Herder and Herder.
Husserl, E. (1950). Cartesianische Meditationen und Pariser Vorträge. Nijhoff, Den Haag. https://ophen.org/pub-109001
Kar, E. (2019). Universality and Particularity of Aristotelian Substances. [Doctoral thesis]. The University of Bristol. https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/204326248/Final_Copy_2019_06_25_Kar_E_PhD.pdf
Kitsantonis, N. (2016, May 26). Greek Archaeologist Says He Has Found Aristotle’s Tomb. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/27/world/europe/greece-aristotle-tomb.html
Kripke, S. (1980). Naming and Necessity. Harvard University Press.
Mullett, M. (2021, April 20). Performance Issues in the Christos Paschon. [Video]. GKA HUMAN 2021 - 10th International Conference on Humanities. https://events.gkacademics.com/dashboard/videos/105
Quine, W. O. (1951). Two Dogmas of Empiricism, The Philosophical Review, 60, 20–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2181906
Quine, W. O. (1960). Word and Object. MIT Press.
Ruhe, P. (2001, February 5). Pair of Recitals Show Musicians’ Contrasting Styles. The Atlanta Journal and Constitution, p. 5 D.
Rutherford, D. (1994). Philosophy and language in Leibniz. In N. Jolley (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Leibniz (pp. 224-269). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CCOL0521365880.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CCOL0521365880.008
Searle, J. (1968) Austin on locutionary and illocutionary acts. The Philosophical Review, 77(4), 405–424. https://doi.org/10.2307/2183008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2183008
Stone, S. (Director). (2021). The Dig. [Film]. BBC Films & Netflix.
Waldstein, P. (2016, October 6). Peter Kalkavage on Hegel’s Anti-Aristotelian Account of Desire. Sancrucensis. https://sancrucensis.wordpress.com/2016/10/06/peter-kalkavage-on-hegels-anti-aristotelian-account-of-desire/
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Tursyn , Turuntaeva Aigerim
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
