Disentangling the effects of liquid nitrogen on impermeable seed coated species

Abstract

Nelumbo nucifera, commonly known as the sacred lotus, is a plant of deep cultural, nutritional, and environmental importance, especially in Asian countries. It is widely used for its edible seeds and roots, and it also has ceremonial significance in many cultural traditions. In addition to its use in cuisine and rituals, Nelumbo nucifera plays a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems, oxygenating the water and providing habitat for various species of wildlife. However, the wider use of Nelumbo nucifera in nature management and agriculture is hindered by the physical dormancy of its seeds. This dormant trait prevents seeds from germinating under normal conditions, thereby limiting their natural dispersal and use in controlled cultivation and recovery projects. Liquid nitrogen (LN) treatment is investigated to disturb the dormancy of impermeable Nelumbo nucifera seeds by physically damaging the seed shell and facilitating water and oxygen penetration. Extremely low temperatures during LN treatment can weaken the seed coat, improving water absorption and promoting germination. This research investigates how LN treatment affects seed germination and seedling growth compared to untreated seeds. Various factors, such as seed quality, treatment duration, and germination conditions, are considered when evaluating the effectiveness of LN treatment. Conduct thorough experiments and optimize LN treatment protocols to maximize the benefits of Nelumbo nucifera seed germination.