DISEASES OF CEREAL AND LEGUME CROPS AND METHODS OF THEIR CONTROL

Abstract

This article examines the common diseases of cereal and legume crops, their causes, and the negative impact they have on agricultural productivity. The study describes the main types of fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases and analyzes their effects on plant growth and crop quality. Attention is also given to agrotechnical, climatic, and biological factors that influence the spread of these diseases. The article systematizes effective methods for controlling cereal and legume crop diseases, including preventive measures, agrotechnical practices, the use of resistant varieties, and chemical and biological protection methods. The information provided is intended to offer practical guidance to agricultural specialists, students, and farmers for disease prevention and productivity enhancement.